Printing is considered essential for the purpose of having a record of what
was sent and how it was encrypted or decrypted ( e.g., was the cleartext entered
correctly and was the machine correctly set ? ). It also eliminates the need for
a second person to transcribe the output. Attached are four exhibits that are
examples of the printouts that can be produced:
Exhibit A : Encryption into numeric form
Exhibit B : Decryption of Exhibit A
Exhibit C : Encryption in Superenciphered Form
Exhibit D : Decryption of Exhibit C
Each exhibit is divided into the following parts:
1. The Heading: This indicates whether it is encryption or
decryption,
and the date and time that the settings were entered .
This does not change for repeated use of the settings
for two or more consecutive messages. To enter a
new date/time group or change the internal settings,
the program must be completely restarted.
(See A1, B1, C1 or D1 )
2. The Internal Control Settings: This indicates the number
of plugboard connections used, the specific plugboard
connections, the number of rotors used, the specific rotor
numbers in the position sequence and then each rotors
orientation (frontwards or backwards). The reversing
rotor number is indicated. Next, the unique rotation
value for each rotor and the reversing rotor are shown,
followed by the character set number and its rotation value.
These constitute the internal settings that would be
specified by the Signal Operating Instructions ( SOI ).
All of these settings generate an Internal Checksum which
is used to verify that the settings have been correctly
entered.
This checksum is printed. If it does not agree with that
provided in the SOI, then all the settings must be
re-entered by restarting the program. Intermittent
rotation of each rotor is a function of the installed
rotors and previous entries and does not have to be
specified.
3. The External Control Settings: This lists the settings
that the operator selects and enters for the specific
message. They consist of the Initial Settings of each
rotor and optionally the Superencipherment Table number
if it is used. These settings add to the Internal Checksum
and produce an External Checksum in the form of a 2-digit
number ( mod-100 of the total sum ) that is sent with
the message. The superencipherment table counter setting
is NOT included and is NOT sent because the recipient
does not have to know it.
(See A1, B1, C1, D1)
4. The Input / Output Message Text: This duplicates that
which appears on the monitor screen and is provided
primarily for a message audit ( to insure that the message
was entered correctly ). Each "line" has 27 inputs with
the 27 outputs below. Twenty-seven was used to provide
legibility on an 80-column screen. Six such "lines"
are possible for each screenful.
(See A1, B1, C1 or D1)
5. The Message Control Data: A count of the input characters
(message length ) is provided for both superenciphered and
non-superenciphered messages.However, only non-superenciphered
(numeric ciphertext) messages have the following additional data provided:
a. A Hash Total which is a Mod-100 sum of the numeric
cipher text.
( See A1, B1)
b. A set of Column Check Totals which is the Mod-100
sum of each of the 27 columns of cipher text.
This is followed by a non-mod total of the columns.
(See A2, A3, B2)
c. A total of Row Check Totals which is the Mod-100
sum of each row of cipher text. This is followed
by a non-mod total of the rows. (See A2,A3,B2)The
purpose of providing column and row totals is to be able to locate transmission
garbles. They would be sent only if requested. Variances in any given column and
row would locate the error by intersection.
6. The Message in Transmission Form: This is what would be sent
and would contain only the External Control Settings (rotor
settings, superencipherment table number and external checksum),
the date and time group, the message ciphertext and the character
count. The External Control Settings would be disguised by a
simple manual superencipherment that would be administrative and
outside the operation of the Enigma 95 ( i.e., prescribed by
the SOI ). (See A3, C2 ) If it is decryption, the cleartext
message is presented with normal
horizontal spacing and vertically double spaced for convenient
reading.
(See B3, D2)
7. Following this is an optional message analysis which is simply a
count of input and output characters. This can be skipped and
was provided only to assist any system analysis.
(See A4 and C3)This completes the printing.
Next displayed on the monitor is an option to re-use the Internal Control Settings for another message ( it was assumed that these would remain in effect for a period of time as was the case for the Enigma ). If this is not selected, the program ends.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
The Enigma 95 is a program written in Microsoft QBasic. This was done so that it could be run on any standard MS DOS computer using MS DOS 5 or higher ( QBasic is bundled with MS DOS ) thereby eliminating the need for a specialized computer. It fits onto a 3.5 inch floppy disc, together with the necessary data files that constitute the Regular Rotors Set, Reversing Rotors Set, Character Sets and Superencipherment Tables. It is possible to also have on the same disk, the programs that create these files and the necessary documentation ( .DOC ) text files for each one. This makes the Enigma 95 very portable, very inexpensive and very easy to replicate.
Any computer that will run MS DOS QBasic is suitable for the Enigma 95. A color monitor is preferred but not essential. A printer is very useful, but could be eliminated if one is willing to copy output manually from the monitor screen ( as the original Enigma required ).
There is provided a program that produces a graphic representation of the circuit path through the Enigma 95 and a program to produce pseudo-random numbers to use in programs that produce the rotor disks. Also included are programs to analyze the Enigma 95.
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW OF THE ENIGMA 95
The following is a run-through of the operating procedure, with the appropriate illustrations of the monitor screen at each meaningful step.
1. The computer is turned on, QBasic is selected and the Enigma95 program is
loaded and run.
2. You are asked to place the data files disk in the Drive B so that they will
be available.
3. You are then asked to enter the Internal Control Settings:
a. Number of Plugboard Settings (1 to 50). 45 is optimum.
b. The plugboard settings (from and to) (Figure 1)
SOI : ENTER THE NUMBER OF PLUGBOARD CONNECTIONS TO SET : 21
SET 1 : 1735 SET 11 : 2653 SET 21 :
SET 2 : 2356 SET 12 : 4899
SET 3 : 4581 SET 13 : 6250
SET 4 : 9852 SET 14 : 4069
SET 5 : 3377 SET 15 : 3180
SET 6 : 5544 SET 16 : 9402
SET 7 : 6612 SET 17 : 8437
SET 8 : 5987 SET 18 : 9307
SET 9 : 3254 SET 19 : 8843
SET 10 : 6791 SET 20 : 8514
Plugboard Positions not yet selected
01 03 04 05 06 08 09 10 11 13 15 16 18 19 20
21 22 24 25 27 28 29 30 34 36 38 39
41 42 46 47 49 51 57 58 60
61 63 64 65 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 78 79
82 83 86 89 90 92 95 96 97 00
Figure 1
c. Number of rotors to be used ( 1 to 12 )
d. The rotor number ( 1 to 100 ) for each position and its orientation (
1=Fwd,2 = Bkwd )
e. The reversing rotor number ( 1 to 100 )
Figure 2
12 ROTORS ARE TO BE SELECTED FROM THE S.O.I.
Select Rotor ( 1 to 100 ) and Orientation ( 1 or 2 ) IN THE SAME ENTRY
For example : < RO > or < RRO > or < RRRO >
< 71 > < 232 > < 1001 >
ROTOR ORIENTATION
Position No. 1 32 1 - Forward
Position No. 2 49 2 - Backward
Position No. 3 42 1 - Forward
Position No. 4 98 1 - Forward
Position No. 5 63 2 - Backward
Position No. 6 94 2 - Backward
Position No. 7 62 1 - Forward
Position No. 9 4 1 - Forward
Position No. 10 33 2 - Backward
Position No. 11 25 1 - Forward
Position No. 12 11 1 - Forward
ENTER REVERSING ROTOR NUMBER (1 TO 100): 53
Figure 2
f. The rotational shift value for each rotor ( a prime number between 0
and 97
inclusive less 2 and 5 )
Figure 3
(See the current S.O.I. for the values to use)
SET ROTATIONAL SHIFT VALUES FOR EACH ROTOR POSITION
USING THE FOLLOWING PRIME NUMBERS (EACH ONLY ONCE)
0,1,3,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,97
FOR ROTOR POSITION 1 : 07
FOR ROTOR POSITION 2 : 29
FOR ROTOR POSITION 3 : 01
FOR ROTOR POSITION 4 : 71
FOR ROTOR POSITION 5 : 17
FOR ROTOR POSITION 6 : 13
FOR ROTOR POSITION 7 : 11
FOR ROTOR POSITION 8 : 47
FOR ROTOR POSITION 9 : 03
FOR ROTOR POSITION 10 : 61
FOR ROTOR POSITION 11 : 23
FOR ROTOR POSITION 12 : 19
FOR REVERSING ROTOR : 31
Figure 3
g. The Character Set number ( 1 to 100 ) ( Figure 4 )
( See S.O.I. )
ENTER CHARACTER SET NUMBER : 44
Figure 4
h. The rotational value for the character set ( the same range as f.
above ).
(Figure 5 )
( See the current S.O.I. for the values to use )
SET ROTATIONAL SHIFT VALUE FOR THE CHARACTER SET
USING ONE OF THE FOLLOWING PRIME NUMBERS NOT USED FOR THE ROTORS
0,1,3,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,97
ROTATIONAL VALUE : 89
Figure 5
4. You are then asked: DO YOU WANT TO (1) ENCIPHER OR (2) DECIPHER?
a. Assuming that ( 1 ) is selected, a "random number" generator is
presented to select numbers for use as Internal Settings.
b. This is a sort of "spin the arrow" device to prevent bad selection of
settings but any source of random numbers may be used. It is
optional. It is skipped if (2) is selected.
5. The Internal Checksum is displayed and then you are asked for the
External Control Settings:
a. Initial settings for the regular rotors ( 1 to 100 ).
b. Initial setting for the reversing rotor ( 1 to 100 ).
( Figure 6 )
Internal Checksum = 60354
( See your list )
SET INITIAL ROTOR SETTINGS ( 1 TO 100 )
ROTOR 1 : 15
ROTOR 2 : 22
ROTOR 3 : 09
ROTOR 4 : 41
ROTOR 5 : 87
ROTOR 6 : 36
ROTOR 7 : 08
ROTOR 8 : 01
ROTOR 9 : 57
ROTOR 10 : 91
ROTOR 11 : 03
ROTOR 12 : 49
REVERSING ROTOR : 77
Figure 6
c. The Superencipherment Table number ( 1 to 100 ) if used, and
d. The initial setting of the superencipherment table counter (1 to 6).
Figure 7
(See your list)
ENTER SUPERENCIPHERMENT TABLE NUMBER : 35
SET INITIAL COUNT ( 1 TO 6 ) : 4
Figure 7
6. The opening screen for beginning the message entry appears with: (
Figure 8 )
a. The External Checksum.
b. Instructions for starting and stopping text entry and making
corrections.
ENTERNAL CHECKSUM = 99
To stop operations and :
1. Print text : Press \
2. Correct input : Press Shift & |
Press ENTER key to start - or - to make the next screen
Figure 8
7. After pressing , a blank screen will appear with the initial Rotor
Display at the bottom and START ENTERING MESSAGE will appear in the middle of
the screen.
Figure 9
START ENTERING MESSAGE
Rotor Display 15 22 09 41 87 36 08 01 57 91 03 49
77
Figure 9
8. At this point you can start entering text and see it appear on the
monitor,starting at the upper left corner, and filling left to right.
The input and its related output will appear simultaneously. At
the bottom of the screen,above the rotor display, are instructions
for ending the input and for making corrections to the input. There
is also a count of input at the right corner.
Figure 10
F O U R S C O R E A N D S E V E N Y E A R S
A
FM VQ ND OU UF OF EN MX FE ZR DO YD BS YW VO RB BB HC QI UR ZD BW BZ TQ EO
WD RF
G O , O U R F
FW DP JA XW QN ZX OT DA WX
Enter '\' to end message. Press 'Shift |' to make correction. Input No.
36
Rotor Display 41 73 31 61 44 79 62 00 11 72 25 67
04
Figure 10 Below is a listing ( in columns 4 through 16 ) of the 13 Rotor
Display windows of the above 36 inputs, to show the intermittent movement of the
rotors. See Figures 11and 12. Col. 1 is the Input No.
Col. 2 is the cleartext input.
Col. 3 is the Character Set conversion of the cleartext.
Cols. 4 - 15 are the Regular Rotor displays.
Col. 16 is the Reversing Rotor display.
Col. 17 is the numeric cipher output.
Col. 18 is the superenciphered output.When numbers are repeated in a
rotor column, this indicates that the rotor did not rotate after that specific
input. When rotation does occur, it rotates the amount previously set for that
rotor. This illustration is not part of the regular operating display. It was
used only as a test and to illustrate intermittent movement.
Start 15 22 09 41 87 36 08 01 57 91 03 49 77
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1 F 87 15 51 10 12 87 49 19 48 60 52 03 68 08 52
FM
2 O 26 15 51 11 83 87 49 19 48 63 52 03 68 39 18
VQ
3 U 64 15 51 12 54 04 62 19 48 66 52 03 68 70 06
ND
4 R 57 15 51 13 54 21 62 30 48 69 13 26 87 01 15
OU
5 S 79 22 80 14 25 21 62 30 95 69 13 26 06 32 03
UF
6 C 10 29 09 15 96 21 75 41 42 69 74 49 06 32 64
OF
7 O 81 29 09 15 96 38 75 41 42 69 35 49 06 32 69
EN
8 R 01 36 38 15 67 38 75 52 42 69 35 72 25 32 03
MX
9 E 65 36 38 15 38 38 75 63 42 72 96 72 44 32 92
FE
10 06 43 67 16 09 55 88 74 89 75 96 72 63 32 37
ZR
11 A 20 50 67 16 80 72 88 74 89 78 57 72 82 63 53
DO
12 N 12 50 96 16 80 89 88 85 89 81 18 95 01 94 34
YD
13 D 61 57 25 17 80 89 88 85 89 81 79 18 01 94 46
BS
14 50 57 25 18 51 06 88 96 89 81 79 18 20 94 93
YW
15 S 89 64 25 18 51 06 01 96 36 84 79 18 39 25 42
VO
16 E 42 64 54 19 22 23 14 96 36 84 40 18 39 25 65
RB
17 V 71 64 83 20 22 23 27 96 36 84 01 41 58 25 13
BB
18 E 64 64 83 21 93 40 40 96 83 84 62 64 77 56 66
HC
19 N 89 64 83 21 93 57 40 96 83 87 62 87 77 56 53
QI
20 16 71 12 22 64 57 53 07 30 87 62 10 96 56 20
UR
21 Y 84 71 12 22 64 74 53 07 30 90 23 10 15 56 60
ZD
22 E 8 78 12 22 35 91 66 07 77 93 23 10 34 56 93
BW
23 A 52 78 12 23 06 08 66 07 77 96 84 10 53 56 80
BZ
24 R 77 85 41 24 06 25 66 07 24 96 84 10 72 87 39
TQ
25 S 99 92 41 25 06 42 66 18 71 96 84 10 91 18 55
EO
26 82 92 70 25 06 59 66 29 18 96 84 33 10 18 20
WD
27 A 96 92 99 25 77 59 66 29 18 96 45 33 10 49 92
RF
28 G 65 99 99 26 77 76 66 29 65 99 06 33 29 49 01
FW
29 O 23 99 28 26 77 76 66 40 12 02 67 33 48 49 01
DP
30 ' 36 06 57 27 77 93 66 40 59 05 28 56 67 80 65
JA
31 37 13 86 27 48 10 66 40 59 05 89 79 67 11 59
XW
32 O 56 20 15 28 19 10 66 40 06 08 50 79 67 11 18
QN
33 U 94 27 15 28 19 27 66 40 06 08 50 02 67 11 38
ZX
34 R 87 34 44 29 90 27 79 40 53 11 50 02 67 42 34
OT
35 81 34 44 30 61 27 79 51 53 11 11 02 67 73 28
DA
36 F 72 41 73 31 61 44 79 62 00 11 72 25 67 04 17
WX Figure 11 - 13 - Figure 12 is the same as Figure 11 except that
the repeated numbers in each column have been replaced by a [] to indicate no
movement to emphasize the irregular movement of each rotor.
Rotor No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 RR
Rotation 7 29 1 71 17 13 11 47 3 61 23 19 31
Start Posn 15 22 09 41 87 36 08 01 57 91 03 49 77
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1 F 87 [] 51 10 12 [] 49 19 48 60 52 [] 68 08 52
FM
2 O 26 [] [] 11 83 [] [] [] [] 63 [] [] [] 39 18
VQ
3 U 64 [] [] 12 54 04 62 [] [] 66 [] [] [] 70 06
ND
4 R 57 [] [] 13 [] 21 [] 30 [] 69 13 26 87 01 15
OU
5 S 79 22 80 14 25 [] [] [] 95 [] [] [] 06 32 03
UF
6 C 10 29 09 15 96 [] 75 41 42 [] 74 49 [] [] 64
OF
7 O 81 [] [] [] [] 38 [] [] [] [] 35 [] [] [] 69
EN
8 R 01 36 38 [] 67 [] [] 52 [] [] [] 72 25 [] 03
MX
9 E 65 [] [] [] 38 [] [] 63 [] 72 96 [] 44 [] 92
FE
10 06 43 67 16 09 55 88 74 89 75 [] [] 63 [] 37
ZR
11 A 20 50 [] [] 80 72 [] [] [] 78 57 [] 82 63 53
DO
12 N 12 [] 96 [] [] 89 [] 85 [] 81 18 95 01 94 34
YD
13 D 61 57 25 17 [] [] [] [] [] [] 79 18 [] [] 46
BS
14 50 [] [] 18 51 06 [] 96 [] [] [] [] 20 [] 93
YW
15 S 89 64 [] [] [] [] 01 [] 36 84 [] [] 39 25 42
VO
16 E 42 [] 54 19 22 23 14 [] [] [] 40 [] [] [] 65
RB
17 V 71 [] 83 20 [] [] 27 [] [] [] 01 41 58 [] 13
BB
18 E 64 [] [] 21 93 40 40 [] 83 [] 62 64 77 56 66
HC
19 N 89 [] [] [] [] 57 [] [] [] 87 [] 87 [] [] 53
QI
20 16 71 12 22 64 [] 53 07 30 [] [] 10 96 [] 20
UR
21 Y 84 [] [] [] [] 74 [] [] [] 90 23 [] 15 [] 60
ZD
22 E 8 78 [] [] 35 91 66 [] 77 93 [] [] 34 [] 93
BW
23 A 52 [] [] 23 06 08 [] [] [] 96 84 [] 53 [] 80
BZ
24 R 77 85 41 24 [] 25 [] [] 24 [] [] [] 72 87 39
TQ
25 S 99 92 [] 25 [] 42 [] 18 71 [] [] [] 91 18 55
EO
26 82 [] 70 [] [] 59 [] 29 18 [] [] 33 10 [] 20
WD
27 A 96 [] 99 [] 77 [] [] [] [] [] 45 [] [] 49 92
RF
28 G 65 99 [] 26 [] 76 [] [] 65 99 06 [] 29 [] 01
FW
29 O 23 [] 28 [] [] [] [] 40 12 02 67 [] 48 [] 01
DP
30 ' 36 06 57 27 [] 93 [] [] 59 05 28 56 67 80 65
JA
31 37 13 86 [] 48 10 [] [] [] [] 89 79 [] 11 59
XW
32 O 56 20 15 28 19 [] [] [] 06 08 50 [] [] [] 18
QN
33 U 94 27 [] [] [] 27 [] [] [] [] [] 02 [] [] 38
ZX
34 R 87 34 44 29 90 [] 79 [] 53 11 [] [] [] 42 34
OT
35 81 [] [] 30 61 [] [] 51 [] [] 11 [] [] 73 28
DA
36 F 72 41 73 31 [] 44 [] 62 00 [] 72 25 [] 04 17
WX
[] = no movement (repeated numbers)Figure 12
9. Corrections are made by pressing the " shift and | " keys
simultaneously. Light magenta numbers appear between the
lines of input and output so that you can identify where
the error is. This position number ( note 37 below ) is
entered (Figure 13 ).
F O U R S C O R E A N D S E V E N Y E A R S
A
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27
FM VQ ND OU UF OF EN MX FE ZR DO YD BS YW VO RB BB HC QI UR ZD BW BZ TQ EO
WD RF
G O , O U R F U R F A Y T H E R S
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
53 54
FW DP JA XW QN ZX OT DA WX MG LY QW KM WQ EL WM DG XB HY
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
80 81
82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
07 08
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
34 35
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62
Enter '\' to end message. Press 'Shift |' to make correction. Input No.
46
ENTER THE (FIRST) POSITION TO CORRECT 37
Figure 13
10. The key is pressed twice. The screen will blank and then
automatically refill with "good" text up to that number and stop.
CONTINUE ENTERING MESSAGE will appear in the middle of the screen.
Entry of correct text is then continued from that
point onwards (Figure 14).
F O U R S C O R E A N D S E V E N Y E A R S
A
FM VQ ND OU UF OF EN MX FE ZR DO YD BS YW VO RB BB HC QI UR ZD BW BZ TQ EO
WD RF
G O , O U R F
FW DP JA XW QN ZX OT DA WX
CONTINUE ENTERING MESSAGE
Enter '\' to end message. Press 'Shift |' to make correction. Input No. 36
Rotor Display 41 73 31 61 44 79 62 00 11 72 25 67
04
Figure 14
11. When the first screen is filled ( 162 characters input ) or is ended
with a backslash ( \ ), the above control settings, etc. are printed, followed by
the text screen. As each subsequent screenful is completed it will be printed.
This continues until the end of the message is reached and the backslash ( \ )
key is pressed. This causes any partial screen to be printed before the message
control data, message form and other output is printed.
If Decipherment ( 2 ) is selected, the process is essentially the same
(entering control settings, etc.) except the input is ciphertext and the output is
cleartext. Message Control Data is available but message analysis is not.
ROTORS, SETS AND TABLES
The term "data files" encompasses the files that constitute the 100 each groupings of Regular Rotors, Reversing Rotors, Character Sets and Superencipherment Tables that are used by Enigma 95. They have been described earlier and now they are presented for inspection. They were used in the examples discussed earlier.
A From 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
B To 58 28 56 40 80 78 05 92 49 31 14 93 30 77 62 64 79 25 13 22 41 65 29
43 39
A From 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
49 50
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
B To 51 19 73 02 01 42 83 94 08 69 04 07 66 57 84 26 54 44 09 68 85 52 34
03 46
A From 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
74 75
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
B To 27 10 17 70 37 23 06 38 59 97 91 71 95 88 96 32 45 18 82 53 61 99 81
12 16
A From 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
99 00
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
B To 36 60 24 48 67 33 11 72 63 76 21 75 87 86 00 50 47 35 98 90 89 74 20
55 15
Figure 15 - Regular Rotor No. 32
The "To" position indicates the position on the rotor's opposite face to
achieve theoffset effect.
(For example, position 1 on face A is connected to position 58 on face B)
From 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
To 48 65 34 39 86 95 82 51 12 71 17 09 90 26 43 42 11 91 67 60 59 89 87
25 24
From 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
49 50
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
To 14 83 78 99 72 77 61 35 03 33 53 57 97 04 50 96 16 15 93 49 62 54 01
45 40
From 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
74 75
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
To 08 70 36 47 63 69 37 73 21 20 32 46 55 85 02 00 19 92 56 52 10 30 58
79 84
From 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
99 00
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
To 98 31 28 74 94 88 07 27 75 64 05 23 81 22 13 18 68 44 80 06 41 38 76
29 66
Figure 16 - Reversing Rotor No. 53
The "To" position indicates the connecting position on the same face to
achieve the offset effect.(For example, Positions 1 and 48 are connected,
2 and 65 are connected, etc.)
Posn 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Char # q . c j t + 9 A * 4 f r O ~ , { 8 d
Posn 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Char y o 5 R n h w X D p g M ~ 3 S e m l T -
Posn 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Char [ U 1 & @ / z ~ ~ Q a = P ! C 7 ~ 0 K u
Posn 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Char B ' ~ Y s b < G W v ? I ~ H ( > E : ~ x
Posn 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Char } L J ~ k Z F ~ _ ) N ~ 2 ; V i 6 ] % $
Figure 17 - Character Set No. 44
"Posn" is the position value the Character is converted to when it is
input. The characters "rotate" afterwards so that character position
values change.This figure shows the set before the first input.
Letter "A" = 10 initially. After the first input, "A" = "99", then "88" (
For a rotation values of 89 ), etc.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
01 HO HI BV FW DP PX BK 51 AO YC JI VC CT ET IX
02 EF DS SJ QJ MK BH GS 52 DD NO NL FM XA EM
03 BG HD EP UF MX YB WV 53 NT PJ CJ DO QI AN FC
04 JG OO TI QW UJ IQ 54 TD VR TV QG EE JU RK
05 VW ZL BX LD KF TL CM 55 QD GE MD EO OX JW IH
06 DQ XZ CK ND AM MH LE 56 XP BL UN FQ KR MV
07 WO FH PT FY WN GN SI 57 OL CH SU NI GX HZ DU
08 UW FN RA YU YR ZZ 58 MS MJ FA EW TY YX WJ
09 WB DZ OJ LU QL WZ SK 59 VA TO OI XW ZQ ZA WG
10 XG KL OB RE QP UQ JH 60 RJ IK YH ZD SR HJ
11 FU WI QS MP UX ZH IF 61 M0 AA NZ AP IV JB VS
12 KP OA SF IG SO FS 62 DE LF FO UP EV CB GB
13 CY BJ TJ BB KQ WE PA 63 GH UV IM OE XL ST QF
14 NK BQ HA HU FG XS CN 64 GF TX NS OF NU VY
15 VU FI UB OU YV GT PH 65 SG KC MN RB JA KE TE
16 UH PI RU LC HB NJ 66 VX CW QO HC BM SC ES
17 LQ NM UD WX WM EH PQ 67 VJ PF QQ QR LS XI BE
18 CF HM DY VQ QN HW AS 68 LJ LV ZT LY DM WC
19 JV CX ED XC OG ID KS 69 JN YG XV EN FL AB TT
20 HH AX AJ UR WD MY 70 VP AT GL PO KI IY WK
21 YY KA NF AI VT ZO TM 71 ME UU SX XN RN HE KD
22 ER DX JF QK TF MA FT 72 YI QA GA EL KO QH
23 HF OH DC VM VD VG RR 73 LX CS FK PE JO YN VK
24 JX FZ SD UZ DN FX 74 WU LT DR ZC IE BC XK
25 RG PG HX RM IJ RQ LZ 75 XR US KG EQ JZ QT MB
26 KX YA GO XQ OM FD NC 76 CP IU PK ZN IZ AW
27 IA BP PZ II KH PP IO 77 GU QB EY ZV LM XF TG
28 MM UL IT DA GQ IB 78 EC SS VH NP PS ZI ON
29 IW CU IC GI KY BR CL 79 MR TU NW AY QM ZY BY
30 KJ PL JE DJ RT XU PU 80 QC OD RW BZ CZ SW
31 CE JK WS UT AD AK JJ 81 ZP SA XO YZ NG EU QE
32 UK XJ PR JY XY SQ 82 GJ ZW RX RH EK AC JC
33 WL KV LG YM NR BA EB 83 TA OS KZ CQ UA WP AV
34 IP CR LB YD OT XB GC 84 TK OW AH UY HP DW
35 QU YP JT VB KT AR VI 85 FR WW PY KM WQ MQ LN
36 HK UM RY AU ZM BI 86 SY GZ TR RC BO UC EI
37 MZ PD YK ZR UE JL NA 87 AQ DV RD YL RO PM KK
38 OC TZ DF ZX CC NB IS 88 KU CA CQ MG QV YS
39 BF XE NH TQ HN SE JM 89 NV BU GK EJ GR LW MW
40 SL LI WF NQ NN XT 90 PB OR TB RV VN CV VL
41 MF MC WH OZ VE ZG AG 91 DL TN DB LP YO LH LL
42 HG GD GG VO OQ UO HS 92 QZ DI XM FE RF WA
43 HL SM VF SZ PW HV RL 93 YQ MI NX YW BW PN GY
44 KW JQ SN ZB BD VZ 94 LO JS GV YE ML YT FP
45 WY EZ SB AZ GW ZS ZF 95 OV JD DT DG QX PV JR
46 OP NE GP BS RS CO HQ 96 NY EA MU AL FJ CD
47 LK YJ IN ZJ XH CI PC 97 OY KB ZU HY GM QY TW
48 RI WT FF RP SH EX 98 FB TS HR UG TH BN IL
49 MT XD ZE WR AF DH RZ 99 EG YF IR LR SP TC LA
50 DK ZK UI JP VV HT TP 00 AE KN SV FV XX BT OK
Figure 18 - Superencipherment Table No. 35
The left column is the numeric cipher. The other 7 columns are the
possible super encipherments. 36 can be converted to HK , UM , RY , AU , ZM , BI in
turn, depending on where the counter starts. A blank causes the counter to
be reset to 1.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
Z
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
--
A 61 69 82 31 00 49 41 84 21 20 31 96 06 53 51 61 87 35 18 70 36 83 76 20 79
45 A
B 33 13 74 44 67 39 03 02 36 13 01 56 66 98 86 27 14 29 46 00 89 01 93 05 79
80 B
C 88 62 38 96 31 18 88 57 47 53 06 29 05 14 46 76 83 34 73 51 29 90 66 19 13
80 C
D 28 91 23 52 62 38 95 49 92 30 50 91 68 24 53 01 06 74 02 95 57 87 84 22 18
09 D
E 96 33 78 19 54 02 99 17 86 89 82 72 52 69 55 03 75 22 66 51 81 62 58 48 77
45 E
F 58 98 53 26 92 48 14 07 15 96 73 69 52 08 62 94 56 85 12 22 11 00 01 24 07
24 F
G 72 62 34 42 55 64 42 63 29 82 89 70 97 07 26 46 28 89 02 15 77 94 45 57 93
86 G
H 14 16 66 03 71 23 42 20 01 60 36 43 18 39 01 84 46 98 42 50 14 43 18 25 97
57 H
I 27 28 29 19 74 11 12 55 27 25 60 98 63 47 27 34 04 99 38 28 76 61 29 51 70
76 I
J 65 61 82 95 30 22 04 10 51 31 31 37 39 69 73 50 44 95 94 35 54 19 55 24 32
75 J
K 21 97 65 71 65 05 75 27 70 30 87 10 85 00 72 12 13 56 19 35 88 33 44 26 29
83 K
L 99 34 16 05 06 62 33 91 40 68 47 91 77 85 94 91 17 99 67 74 09 68 89 73 68
25 L
M 22 75 41 55 71 41 88 06 93 58 02 94 28 65 61 11 85 79 58 49 96 56 89 03 20
37 M
N 37 38 26 06 46 21 81 39 57 16 14 52 17 40 52 78 40 33 64 53 64 89 79 93 96
61 N
O 12 10 38 80 63 64 19 23 59 09 00 57 26 78 04 46 42 90 83 34 15 95 84 55 97
41 O
P 13 90 47 37 73 67 25 15 16 53 76 30 87 93 70 27 17 32 78 07 30 95 43 01 85
27 P
Q 72 77 80 55 81 63 54 72 53 02 22 09 79 18 66 10 67 67 11 75 35 88 04 95 97
92 Q
R 08 65 86 87 10 92 25 82 48 60 54 43 25 71 87 48 25 23 46 30 16 90 80 82 36
49 R
S 81 45 66 24 39 12 65 48 07 02 09 40 43 44 12 99 32 60 78 63 57 00 80 71 86
43 S
T 83 90 99 54 65 22 77 98 04 13 84 05 21 91 59 50 39 86 98 69 79 54 97 64 58
38 T
U 83 15 86 17 37 03 98 16 50 04 32 28 36 56 42 62 10 20 75 31 71 63 08 11 84
24 U
V 59 35 51 23 41 43 23 78 35 67 73 90 23 90 42 70 18 54 61 21 15 50 05 66 64
44 V
W 92 09 68 20 13 40 59 41 11 58 70 33 17 07 07 83 85 49 31 48 74 03 85 17 45
09 W
X 52 34 19 49 39 77 10 47 67 32 74 63 92 71 81 56 26 75 14 40 30 69 59 00 32
06 X
Y 26 03 51 34 94 99 69 60 72 47 37 87 33 73 91 35 93 08 88 94 08 15 93 58 21
81 Y
Z 59 44 74 60 49 45 41 11 78 47 50 05 36 76 21 81 59 37 45 68 97 77 82 38 79
08 Z
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
--
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
Z
Figure 19 - Superdecipherment Table 35
First letter at left. Second letter at top. Numeric cipher at
intersection ( HK, UM, RY, etc. = 36 )
The Enigma rotor operation principle has probably been long superseded by
much more sophisticated methods of encryption that are faster and more
secure, but it will remain interesting for a long time to amateurs such
as myself. It is something that is understandable and before the advent
of the computer, resulted in some beautiful machines.
The Enigma 95 is not one now, but I believe that it could be "translated"
into a handsome electro-mechanical device. It is something to dream about.
The only absolutely secure cipher is the One Time Pad and it has the
disadvantage of requiring copies to be destroyed after one use. The
Enigma 95 is an attempt to approach this holy Grail of cryptography by
providing an almost unlimited supply of enhanced (both in size and
method of rotation) Rotors, Character Sets, Superencipherment Tables and
a lengthened Plugboard. While I cannot prove it mathematically or
otherwise, I suspect that the ability to use almost
unlimited expendable sets of all possible combinations of these for very limited
periods (throw away feature) such as is possible in the Enigma 95, would strengthen any
cipher considerably by preventing the accumulation of sufficient material on
which to base an in-depth cryptanalysis. Any comments would appreciated.
AT THE CRYPTO DROP BOX IS
The disk accompanying this article contains ENIGMA 95 and the necessary supporting files needed in its operation. Also included are program files to create them and to analyze and test its operation. DOC files are included for each file to explain them. Start with CRYPTO.1ST, then read ENIGMA95.DOC and study ENIGMA95.FLO to gain an understanding of Enigma 95 before running it. The list of files is:
CRYPTO.1ST : An outline of the files that constitute Enigma 95
system
ENIGMA95.DOC : Detailed documentation pertaining to ENIGMA95
ENIGMA95.FLO : A flowchart of the ENIGMA95 operation
ENIGMA95.BAS * : ENIGMA95
ROTORS.DAT : Set of 100 Regular Rotors
REVROTRS.DAT : Set of 100 Reversing Rotors
CHARS.DAT : Set of 100 Character Sets
CODE.DAT : Set of 100 Super Encipherment Tables
CRYPTO05.BAS * : Random Numbers Generator for CRYPTO27 & CRYPTO34
CRYPTO27.BAS * : Regular Rotor Creation using the Interval Method
CRYPTO28.BAS * : Super Encipherment Tables Creation
CRYPTO30.BAS * : Character Set Creation
CRYPTO34.BAS * : Reversing Rotor Creation
CRYPTO43.BAS * : ENIGMA95 Cipher Machine Data Paths Demonstrator
CRYPTO45.BAS * : Rotors Matching Analysis
CRYPTO47.BAS * : Check of Rotor Files for Errors
CRYPTO48.BAS * : Analysis of Cleartext vs. Ciphertext
CRYPTO49.BAS * : Rotor Intermittent Movement Test
CRYPTO51.BAS : Plugboard Combinations
ENIGMA95.WRI : The article about Enigma 95. ( Created using Windows 3.1
Write )
* = Has a matching .DOC file
The .1st , .DOC and .FLO files are DOS files
The .BAS and .DAT files are QBASIC or QUICKBASIC files
The .WRI file is a WINDOWS 3.1 Write file
ENCRYPTION 10-31-1995 16:36:57 Hours
No. of PB Connections 21
Plugboard Connections (1735) (2356) (4581) (9852) (3377) (5544) (6612)
(5987) (3254) (6791) (2653) (4899) (6250) (4069)
(3180) (9402) (8437) (9307) (8843) (8514) (2176)
No. of Rotors 12
Rotors Sequence 32 49 42 98 63 94 62 60 04 33 25 11
Rotors Orientation 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
Reversing Rotor No. 53
Rotors Rotation Values 07 29 01 71 17 13 11 47 03 61 23 19
Rev Rotor Rotation Value 31
Character Set (CS) No. 44
CS Rotation Value 89 Internal Checksum 60354
Rotors Initial Settings 15 22 09 41 87 36 08 01 57 91 03 49
Rev Rotor Initial Setting 77
External Checksum 64
F O U R S C O R E A N D S E V E N Y E A R S A
52 18 06 15 03 64 69 03 92 37 53 34 46 93 42 65 13 66 53 20 60 93 80 39 55 20 92
G O , O U R F O R E F A T H E R S B R O U G H T
01 01 65 59 18 38 34 28 17 43 63 98 60 64 41 31 11 13 56 20 34 65 57 72 73 95 10
F O R T H U P O N T H I S C O N T I N E N T
53 19 21 23 57 21 59 32 96 45 50 23 79 29 01 92 30 12 30 42 04 58 82 66 86 40 28
A N E W N A T I O N . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ( * )
27 86 23 88 28 11 26 30 91 76 90 06 96 83 85 74 48 64 96 82 80 53 00 59 25 74 73
TOTAL INPUT CHARACTERS IS 108 HASH TOTAL OF CODE IS 02
EXHIBIT A-1
COL CHECK TOTALS
33 24 15 85 06 34 88 93 96 01 56 61 81 69 69 62 02 55 35 64 78 69 19 36 39 29 03
TOTAL COLUMNS = 5202
ROW CHECK TOTALS
83 67 78 74
TOTAL ROWS = 5202
EXHIBIT A-2
================================= SEPARATE PAGE ================================
FOR TRANSMISSION AS MESSAGE No.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 22 09 41 87 36 08 01 57 91 03 49 77 64 10 31 95 16 36 57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52 18 06 15 03 64 69 03 92 37 53 34 46 93 42 65 13 66 53 20 60 93 80 39 55 20 92
01 01 65 59 18 38 34 28 17 43 63 98 60 64 41 31 11 13 56 20 34 65 57 72 73 95 10
53 19 21 23 57 21 59 32 96 45 50 23 79 29 01 92 30 12 30 42 04 58 82 66 86 40 28
27 86 23 88 28 11 26 30 91 76 91 06 96 83 85 74 48 64 96 82 80 53 00 59 25 74 73
108 02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column and row totals. Do not transmit unless requested.
33 24 15 85 06 34 88 93 96 01 56 61 81 69 69 62 02 55 35 64 78 69 19 36 39 29 03
83 67 78 74
EXHIBIT A-3
INPUT FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
| Char Freq | Char Freq | Char Freq | Char Freq | Char
Freq |
| ---- ---- | ---- ---- | ---- ---- | ---- ---- | ----
---- |
| A 6 | U 4 | ; | k | ?
|
| B 1 | V 1 | ' | l | ( 1
|
| C 2 | W 1 | = | m | ) 1
|
| D 1 | X | ! | n | {
|
| E 8 | Y 1 | @ | o | }
|
| F 4 | Z | # | p | <
|
| G 2 | 0 1 | $ | q | >
|
| H 4 | 1 1 | % | r | [
|
| I 3 | 2 1 | & | s | ]
|
| J | 3 1 | * 1 | t | ~
|
| K | 4 1 | a | u | ~
|
| L | 5 1 | b | v | ~
|
| M | 6 1 | c | w | ~
|
| N 9 | 7 1 | d | x | ~
|
| O 10 | 8 1 | e | y | ~
|
| P 1 | 9 1 | f | z | ~
|
| Q | space 15 | g | _ | ~
|
| R 8 | . 1 | h | - | ~
|
| S 5 | , 1 | i | + | ~
|
| T 7 | : | j | / | ~
|
Total = 108
OUTPUT FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
Code Count Code Count Code Count Code Count Code
Count
|---------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|------------
----|
| 1 = 3 | 21 = 2 | 41 = 1 | 61 = | 81 =
|
| 2 = | 22 = | 42 = 2 | 62 = | 82 = 2
|
| 3 = 2 | 23 = 3 | 43 = 1 | 63 = 1 | 83 = 1
|
| 4 = 1 | 24 = | 44 = | 64 = 3 | 84 =
|
| 5 = | 25 = 1 | 45 = 1 | 65 = 3 | 85 = 1
|
| 6 = 2 | 26 = 1 | 46 = 1 | 66 = 2 | 86 = 2
|
| 7 = | 27 = 1 | 47 = | 67 = | 87 =
|
| 8 = | 28 = 3 | 48 = 1 | 68 = | 88 = 1
|
| 9 = | 29 = 1 | 49 = | 69 = 1 | 89 =
|
| 10 = 1 | 30 = 3 | 50 = 1 | 70 = | 90 = 1
|
| 11 = 2 | 31 = 1 | 51 = | 71 = | 91 = 1
|
| 12 = 1 | 32 = 1 | 52 = 1 | 72 = 1 | 92 = 3
|
| 13 = 2 | 33 = | 53 = 4 | 73 = 2 | 93 = 2
|
| 14 = | 34 = 3 | 54 = | 74 = 2 | 94 =
|
| 15 = 1 | 35 = | 55 = 1 | 75 = | 95 = 1
|
| 16 = | 36 = | 56 = 1 | 76 = 1 | 96 = 3
|
| 17 = 1 | 37 = 1 | 57 = 2 | 77 = | 97 =
|
| 18 = 2 | 38 = 1 | 58 = 1 | 78 = | 98 = 1
|
| 19 = 1 | 39 = 1 | 59 = 3 | 79 = 1 | 99 =
|
| 20 = 3 | 40 = 1 | 60 = 2 | 80 = 2 | 00 = 1
|
Total = 108
EXHIBIT A-4
DECRYPTION 10-31-1995 17:00:58 Hours
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. of PB Connections 21
Plugboard Connections (1735) (2356) (4581) (9852) (3377) (5544) (6612)
(5987) (3254) (6791) (2653) (4899) (6250) (4069)
(3180) (9402) (8437) (9307) (8843) (8514) (2176)
No. of Rotors 12
Rotors Sequence 32 49 42 98 63 94 62 60 04 33 25 11
Rotors Orientation 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
Reversing Rotor No. 53
Rotors Rotation Values 07 29 01 71 17 13 11 47 03 61 23 19
Rev Rotor Rotation Value 31
Character Set (CS) No. 44
CS Rotation Value 89 Internal Checksum 60354
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rotors Initial Settings 15 22 09 41 87 36 08 01 57 91 03 49
Rev Rotor Initial Setting 77
External Checksum 64
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52 18 06 15 03 64 69 03 92 37 53 34 46 93 42 65 13 66 53 20 60 93 80 39 55 20 92
F O U R S C O R E A N D S E V E N Y E A R S A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01 01 65 59 18 38 34 28 17 43 63 98 60 64 41 31 11 13 56 20 34 65 57 72 73 95 10
G O , O U R F O R E F A T H E R S B R O U G H T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53 19 21 23 57 21 59 32 96 45 50 23 79 29 01 92 30 12 30 42 04 58 82 66 86 40 28
F O R T H U P O N T H I S C O N T I N E N T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27 86 23 88 28 11 26 30 91 76 90 06 96 83 85 74 48 64 96 82 80 53 00 59 25 74 73
A N E W N A T I O N . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ( * )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL INPUT CHARACTERS IS 108 HASH TOTAL OF CODE IS 02
EXHIBIT B-1
COL CHECK TOTALS
33 24 15 85 06 34 88 93 96 01 56 61 81 69 69 62 02 55 35 64 78 69 19 36 39 29 03
TOTAL COLUMNS = 5202
ROW CHECK TOTALS
83 67 78 74
TOTAL ROWS = 5202
EXHIBIT B-2
================================= SEPARATE PAGE ================================
Messsage No.--------------------From----------------------------------Date/Time
of Receipt
: :
: / :
: :
: / :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------
FOURSCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO, OUR FOREFATHERS BROUGHT FORTH UPON THIS CONTINENT
A NEW NAT
ION. 1234567890(*)
EX
HIBIT B-3
ENCRYPTION 10-31-1995 16:36:57 Hours
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. of PB Connections 21
Plugboard Connections (1735) (2356) (4581) (9852) (3377) (5544) (6612)
(5987) (3254) (6791) (2653) (4899) (6250) (4069)
(3180) (9402) (8437) (9307) (8843) (8514) (2176)
No. of Rotors 12
Rotors Sequence 32 49 42 98 63 94 62 60 04 33 25 11
Rotors Orientation 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
Reversing Rotor No. 53
Rotors Rotation Values 07 29 01 71 17 13 11 47 03 61 23 19
Rev Rotor Rotation Value 31
Character Set (CS) No. 44
CS Rotation Value 89 Internal Checksum 60354
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rotors Initial Settings 15 22 09 41 87 36 08 01 57 91 03 49
Rev Rotor Initial Setting 77
Super Encipher Table No. 35
External Checksum 99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F O U R S C O R E A N D S E V E N Y E A R S A
FM VQ ND OU UF OF EN MX FE ZR DO YD BS YW VO RB BB HC QI UR ZD BW BZ TQ EO WD RF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
G O , O U R F O R E F A T H E R S B R O U G H T
FW DP JA XW QN ZX OT DA WX SZ OE UG SR NU OZ UT MP KQ FQ MY XB KE NI EL PE DG RE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F O R T H U P O N T H I S C O N T I N E N T
AN XC AI VM GX VT ZQ JY AL AZ JP VD AY GI PX WA DJ IG RT OQ QW EW RH BM RC NQ GQ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A N E W N A T I O N . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ( * )
II BO VG MG IB UX XQ XU LP ZN RV AM FJ CQ KM ZC RP VY CD EK CZ FC FV ZA RM IE JO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL INPUT CHARACTERS IS 108
EXHIBIT C-1
FOR TRANSMISSION AS MESSAGE No.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 22 09 41 87 36 08 01 57 91 03 49 77 35 99 10 31 95 17 00 58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FM VQ ND OU UF OF EN MX FE ZR DO YD BS YW VO RB BB HC QI UR ZD BW BZ TQ EO WD RF
FW DP JA XW QN ZX OT DA WX SZ OE UG SR NU OZ UT MP KQ FQ MY XB KE NI EL PE DG RE
AN XC AI VM GX VT ZQ JY AL AZ JP VD AY GI PX WA DJ IG RT OQ QW EW RH BM RC NQ GQ
II BO VG MG IB UX XQ XU LP ZN RV AM FJ CQ KM ZC RP VY CD EK CZ FC FV ZA RM IE JO
108
EXHIBIT C-2
INPUT FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
| Char Freq | Char Freq | Char Freq | Char Freq | Char
Freq |
| ---- ---- | ---- ---- | ---- ---- | ---- ---- | ----
---- |
| A 6 | U 4 | ; | k | ?
|
| B 1 | V 1 | ' | l | ( 1
|
| C 2 | W 1 | = | m | ) 1
|
| D 1 | X | ! | n | {
|
| E 8 | Y 1 | @ | o | }
|
| F 4 | Z | # | p | <
|
| G 2 | 0 1 | $ | q | >
|
| H 4 | 1 1 | % | r | [
|
| I 3 | 2 1 | & | s | ]
|
| J | 3 1 | * 1 | t | ~
|
| K | 4 1 | a | u | ~
|
| L | 5 1 | b | v | ~
|
| M | 6 1 | c | w | ~
|
| N 9 | 7 1 | d | x | ~
|
| O 10 | 8 1 | e | y | ~
|
| P 1 | 9 1 | f | z | ~
|
| Q | space 15 | g | _ | ~
|
| R 8 | . 1 | h | - | ~
|
| S 5 | , 1 | i | + | ~
|
| T 7 | : | j | / | ~
|
Total = 108
OUTPUT FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
\2 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Total
1\ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-----
A 1 1 1 1 1 1
6
B 1 1 1 1 1 1
6
C 1 1 1
3
D 1 1 1 1 1
5
E 1 1 1 1 1
5
F 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7
G 1 1 1
3
H 1
1
I 1 1 1 1
4
J 1 1 1 1
4
K 1 1 1
3
L 1
1
M 1 1 1 1
4
N 1 1 1 1
4
O 1 1 1 1 1 1
6
P 1 1
2
Q 1 1 1
3
R 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9
S 1 1
2
T 1
1
U 1 1 1 1 1
5
V 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7
W 1 1 1
3
X 1 1 1 1 1
5
Y 1 1
2
Z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-----
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Total
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-----
4 4 5 6 6 3 5 1 5 2 1 2 6 4 5 5 10 3 1 4 3 2 6 6 4 5
108
EXHIB
IT C-3
DECRYPTION 10-31-1995 17:36:57 Hours
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. of PB Connections 21
Plugboard Connections (1735) (2356) (4581) (9852) (3377) (5544) (6612)
(5987) (3254) (6791) (2653) (4899) (6250) (4069)
(3180) (9402) (8437) (9307) (8843) (8514) (2176)
No. of Rotors 12
Rotors Sequence 32 49 42 98 63 94 62 60 04 33 25 11
Rotors Orientation 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
Reversing Rotor No. 53
Rotors Rotation Values 07 29 01 71 17 13 11 47 03 61 23 19
Rev Rotor Rotation Value 31
Character Set (CS) No. 44
CS Rotation Value 89 Internal Checksum 60354
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rotors Initial Settings 15 22 09 41 87 36 08 01 57 91 03 49
Rev Rotor Initial Setting 77
Super Encipher Table No. 35
External Checksum 99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FM VQ ND OU UF OF EN MX FE ZR DO YD BS YW VO RB BB HC QI UR ZD BW BZ TQ EO WD RF
F O U R S C O R E A N D S E V E N Y E A R S A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FW DP JA XW QN ZX OT DA WX SZ OE UG SR NU OZ UT MP KQ FQ MY XB KE NI EL PE DG RE
G O , O U R F O R E F A T H E R S B R O U G H T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AN XC AI VM GX VT ZQ JY AL AZ JP VD AY GI PX WA DJ IG RT OQ QW EW RH BM RC NQ GQ
F O R T H U P O N T H I S C O N T I N E N T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A N E W N A T I O N . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ( * )
II BO VG MG IB UX XQ XU LP ZN RV AM FJ CQ KM ZC RP VY CD EK CZ FC FV ZA RM IE JO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL INPUT CHARACTERS IS 108
EXHIBIT D-1
Messsage No.--------------------From----------------------------------Date/Time
of Receipt
: :
: / :
: :
: / :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOURSCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO, OUR FOREFATHERS BROUGHT FORTH UPON THIS CONTINENT
A NEW NAT
ION. 1234567890(*)
SOLUTIONS TO LECTURE 8 PROBLEMS
Thanks to GRAPE JUICE for the quick and clear reply:
C-1 Give two solutions to: (BE)**2 = ARE
A>0 , B= 1...3, E>0, R>0
(16) ** 2 = 256 and (31) ** 2 = 961
C-2 Square root: [OKLA] [OKLI]
R, A, T, S A= E+1 +4,9
----------- B
|Q UA RT ET E
-A I > A
----- O=0
T UA Q >A, T
-T SI R =2,3
----- S
U RT T
-A UT U =S+1 > A, E
----- T
E AO ET U
-E ES UB
---------
R AR
2 4 1 7 4=4,9
+ ------------ 9> 1
| 5 84 21 31 3
-4 6
---------------- 0=0
1 84 5>4,1
-1 76 2=2,3
---------------- 7
1
8 21 8=7+1 >4,3 =7,8
-4 81 1
---------------- 8
3 40 31
-3 37 89
----------------
2 42
A B E I O Q R S T U 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
T R E A Q I S U B O
A B E I O Q R S T U 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
O T R E A Q I S U B
A B E I O Q R S T U 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
O B U S I Q A E R T
A B E I O Q R S T U 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
B U S I Q A E R T O
From Sinkov [SINK] two Hill system problems:
Hill-1
Decipher the message: YITJP GWJOW FAQTQ XCSMA ETSQU
SQAPU SQGKC PQTYJ
Use the deciphering matrix | 5 1 |
| 2 7 |
Let A =1, B=2... Z=26
P1 = 5(C1) + 1(C2)
P2 = 2(C1) + 7(C2)
5(Y) + 1(I) = 5(25) + 1(9) = 125 + 9 =134 MOD 26 = 4 = D
2(Y) + 7(I) = 2(25) + 7(9) = 50 + 63 =113 MOD 26 = 9 = I
5(T) + 1(J) = 5(20) + 1(10) = 100 + 10=110 MOD 26 = 6 = F
2(T) + 7(J) = 2(20) + 7(10) = 40 + 70 =110 MOD 26 = 6 = F
Difficulties are things that show what men are.
Hill-2
Decipher the message: MWALO LIAIW WTGBH JNTAK QZJKA ADAWS
SKQKU AYARN CSODN IIAES OQKJY B
Use the deciphering matrix | 2 23 |
use A=1, B=2, ...Z=26
P1 = 2(C1) +23(C2)
P2 = 21(C1) +7(C2)
2(M) + 23(W) =2(13) + 23(23) =26 + 529 = 555 MOD 26 = 9 = I
21(M) +7(W) =21(13) + 7(23) =273 + 161 = 434 MOD 26 =18 = R
2(A) + 23(L) = 2(1) + 23(12) = 2 + 276 = 278 MOD 26 = 18= R
21(A) +7(L) = 21(1) + 7(12) = 21 + 84 = 105 MOD 26 = 1 = A
Irrationally held truths may be more harmful than reasoned
errors.
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[updated 10 March 1996]
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illustrations of the Soviet one-time pad with example,
with three errors in cipher text, that I have corrected
for the author.]
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[CAREFUL! Lots of Errors - Basic research efforts may
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Text converted to HTML on June 18, 1998 by Joe Peschel.
Any mistakes you find are quite likely mine. Please let me
know about them by e-mailing:
jpeschel@aol.com.
Thanks.
Joe Peschel
